Thursday 31 July 2014

La Casa de Panchita

If the rich were fair, we wouldn't have to fight for minimum wages or health benefits or better working conditions. People across the globe are exploited by greedy employers. Imagine what must be the condition of women domestic workers in Peru.

"Half a million females work as servants and nannies in Peru. Most come to Lima from rural poverty or shantytowns. The vast majority do not enjoy basic rights: schooling, 6 day work week, minimum wage. Girls as young as 9 years serve others to earn a meal and care for children, instead of going to school themselves. Women and girls suffer abuse and entrapment. We enable these women to stand up for their rights and negotiate better jobs and give these girls a chance to reclaim their childhood.

La Casa de Panchita empowers 800 women & girls as young as 9 to escape 14 hour days, avoid abuse, attend school, and earn fair pay. We train, tutor, and give legal advice to domestic workers in Lima.

With their education, training and counseling, girls and women in domestic work will be able to improve their own situations, encourage other girls to look beyond domestic work and improve working conditions and opportunities for all domestic workers.

La Casa de Panchita are helping break through a heritage of poverty and servitude passed from mother to daughter because of lack of opportunity and education. As they gain skills, confidence and understanding of their rights, the 800 girls and women we serve each year will pursue more education and secure better jobs. They in turn will educate other domestic workers and parents of young girls about the alternatives and will fight to ensure the rights of all domestic workers are respected."

More information here :

http://www.globalgiving.org/projects/empower-girls-and-women-peru/

Monday 28 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Fifty

When we realize that afflictions are no other than enlightenment,
we can ride the waves of birth and death in peace,
traveling in the boat of compassion on the ocean of delusion,
smiling the smile of non-fear.

Afflictions are the causes of suffering. Discrimination, inequalities, scarcity, death, poor health, unfulfilled desires are some of the reasons we suffer. We may say that wrong views cause suffering because it is due to wrong views that discrimination, inequalities, wars, ideological differences etc. arise. We may say that separation causes suffering because death separates us from our loved ones and we miss them. To be separated from conditions that make us happy is suffering. Wrong views arise due to the belief in an existence separate from others. A wrong view is one that can cause harm to others or ourselves. Discriminating on the basis of race or gender or nationality or religion are a result of people perceiving each other as separate from themselves. So all sufferings are a result of separation. They arise due to the view of a self  that is separate from others or due to being separated from our loved ones or simply because we are separate from conditions that make us happy.

This perception of separateness is an illusory perception. To not realize this is ignorance. That is why we say that ignorance causes suffering. The opposite of ignorance is enlightenment. One who is enlightened is one who has awakened from the illusion of separateness. She is awake so she is aware of what is really happening around her. Since she is no longer bound by the illusion of separateness, the distinctions between afflictions and enlightenment disappear.

According to those who have awakened to reality, all conditions of happiness are always present with us. So they can dwell happily in the present moment. We can practice this too by practicing the samadhi of aimlessness. If we have everything, then there is nothing more to run after.

However, we are not happy in the present moment because we perceive that we are separate from conditions that are needed to be happy. Conditions that make us happy are the presence of what we want and absence of what we don't want.

There are two dimensions in which we view separateness - one is time and the other space. In the dimension of time we view everything as impermanent. We see birth and death, integration and disintegration, coming and going, after and before etc. In the dimension of space we see ourselves as separate from others.

Reality in the dimension of time is that there is no birth and no death. We perceive manifestations when conditions are present. The radio signals are everywhere but we can listen to the radio channels only when we have a radio. A radio can recognize and interpret radio signals. Similarly we perceive manifestations through signs like their name, body, voice etc. To not be able to perceive someone in other words is our inability to recognize them because we are looking for them in a world of signs. A blind person cannot see me but that does not mean I do not exist. He just has to find another way of recognizing me. To practice recognition without signs is the samadhi of signlessness.

Reality in the dimension of space is that we inter-are. We are like waves on water, never separate from water. There is no inside or outside. You are in me and I am in you. To realize this is the samadhi of emptiness.

These three samadhis are the three doors to liberation. One who is liberated can help others. Whenever we use the word compassion from the perspective of Indian philosophy we are translating the word karuna. Karuna is the ability to transform suffering into peace and joy. So these beings who have awakened possess compassion. Since they have realized the three samadhis they know that there is nothing to lose. They are not afraid anymore. They help others overcome delusions.

Compassion is needed for us to progress on this path. Since we are not already Buddhas, our compassion (ability to transform suffering into peace and joy) is not the same as theirs. How can we practice compassion? We can practice compassion by practicing the five mindfulness trainings.

Buddhas know that everything is in everything else. We can understand this as well if we observe carefully. If we harm others, we will only hurt ourselves. We will create obstacles in our path. If we practice the five mindfulness trainings we will remove obstacles from our path. It will be easier for us to practice.

These are the fifty verses of Vasubandhu which he wrote as Trimshika and Vimshatika. Thanks to the great compassion of Thich Nhat Hanh we are able to receive these teachings that have led countless beings to enlightenment. May he remain with us until we are enlightened!

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Sunday 27 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty Nine

Nothing is born, nothing dies.
Nothing to hold on to, nothing to release.
Samsara is nirvana.
There is nothing to attain.

Nothing is created or destroyed. Phenomena do not arise from nothing or disappear into nothing. They manifest when conditions are right. When conditions are not right they wait for the right conditions to manifest.

They do not have an existence separate from other phenomena. There is no external object to grasp. The universe is in us and we are in everything. Hence, there are no external objects that we can hold on to or that we need to let go off. So we can relax and live this moment.

We learned in the previous verses that the flower is in the compost and the compost is in the flower. Similarly nirvana is right here in samsara. Everything is in everything else.

An attainment is an acquirement, achievement or procurement, but since we have already determined that the effect is present in the cause in an unmanifested form, we are never attaining anything. If we have a mango tree, then we must have sown a mango seed.

Can we measure the distance between us and our thoughts or our dreams? No, because they do not have an independent existence. They are not separate from us. Similarly, no phenomena is separate from us. Not even nirvana.

If this was not the case, if the effect was not already in the cause in an unmanifested state we would not say that all beings have the bodhichitta in them. The cause and the effect are in each other. The transformation of the cause into effect is an illusory perception. In each mango tree there are infinite mango seeds and in each mango seed there are infinite mango trees. All the mango trees that have ever manifested and will ever manifest have always been there and will always be there.

If you look through the eyes of samsara, a cloud dies. If you look through the eyes of dependent origination you see cloud transform into rain, rain into ice or water vapor and water vapor into cloud. In nirvana, you see H2O. Two atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Saturday 26 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty Eight

Transformation takes place
in our daily life.
To make the work of transformation easy,
practice with a Sangha.

Transformation at the base occurs when we transform our habits. Most of our habits are a result of the environment around us and the company we keep. So it is easier to transform habits if the environment and people around us have already transformed those habits or are in the process of doing so.

Dharma is not Buddhism. Dharma means 'phenomena' and also 'the study of phenomena'. Those who practice the dharma are looking to gain an understanding of the true nature of phenomena so they can be free from suffering. The Buddhadharma is the Buddhist method of studying phenomena. The Sangha are those who practice or are an embodiment of the dharma but not necessarily labelled as 'Buddhism'. Sangha extends beyond people. It also includes animals, trees, clouds, the sun, the moon, the mountains etc.

A cloud can be a Sangha-member. It is an embodiment of the Vijñaptimātra teachings. So are trees and flowers and mountains. To find a Sangha conducive for your practice don't rush to the nearest Dharma center.

Our first aim should be to understand and practice the five mindfulness trainings. We can do it by ourselves in our normal surroundings which is more difficult or we can go to Plum Village or Deer Park Monastery which may be expensive and difficult if your are not located in France or United States. The third way of doing it is to join Sangha members cloud, mountain, rivers, trees, flowers, sun, moon etc. and practice with them.

In the past, when Indians wanted to study phenomena they would head for the mountains. The Himalayas are beautiful and even if we only spend a day in the mountains we feel fresh and healthy and the mind is clearer. There are many places where we can practice in peace. In India, you can visit the Spiti Valley (http://www.incrediblespiti.com/home.html) or Rishikesh (http://goindia.about.com/od/spiritualplaces/p/rishikesh.htm) in the North. In the East there are many beautiful places like Darjeeling and its surrounding areas (Chota Mangwa, Bada Mangwa, Lepchajagat, Lamahatta etc.), the state of Sikkim (there are only about 200 monasteries in Sikkim), Cherrapunji (if you like rain, it rains almost everyday in Cherrapunji). In the West you have Igatpuri (famous for Vipassana meditation courses). In the South you can stay at the Open Island Camp at the Ecodaya Island Sanctuary, Hampi (http://www.ecodaya.net/wp/?page_id=30). There are places where you can meet nature in every country. Find locations near you where you can be one with nature. Please go with only a few belongings.

The important aspect of practicing with a Sangha is to speed up our progress. When we are in touch with nature we experience transformation directly. We can see the cloud transform into rain and we can see how rain helps transform seeds into plants. We can see directly how food is a gift of nature and experience the effect the beautiful surroundings have on us. Meditation becomes easier. We can practice mindful consumption. Without television and electronic gadgets we can spend our time to contemplate on the five mindfulness trainings. If we give time to ourselves, we can transform. We have studied the five mindfulness trainings but we must meditate upon them, we must be one with them, they must become our nature. Nature can help us because nature is the embodiment of all dharmas.

Sangha is also compared to a home. With the Sangha we feel at home. We feel safe. In the lap of nature we can relax, feel at home, refreshed, rejuvenated and we turn our minds towards the study of phenomena beginning with the five mindfulness trainings. When we have understood the five mindfulness trainings we can go back to our normal surroundings and see our family and friends as our Sangha.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Friday 25 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty Seven

The present moment
contains past and future.
The secret to transformation
is in the way we handle this moment.

A Harvard educated American investment banker was at the pier of a small coastal Mexican village when a small boat with just one fisherman docked.  Inside the small boat were several large yellow fin tuna.  The American complimented the fisherman on the quality of his fish and asked how long it took to catch them.

The fisherman replied, “only a little while." The American then asked why didn’t he stay out longer and catch more fish? The fisherman said he had enough to support his family’s immediate needs. The American then asked, “but what do you do with the rest of your time?”

The fisherman said, “I sleep late, fish a little, play with my children, take siestas with my wife, Maria, stroll into the village each evening where I sip wine, and play guitar with my amigos.  I have a full and busy life.”

The American scoffed, “I am a Harvard MBA and could help you. You should spend more time fishing and with the proceeds, buy a bigger boat. With the proceeds from the bigger boat, you could buy several boats, eventually you would have a fleet of fishing boats. Instead of selling your catch to a middleman you would sell directly to the processor, eventually opening your own cannery. You would control the product, processing, and distribution. You would need to leave this small coastal fishing village and move to Mexico City, then LA and eventually New York City, where you will run your expanding enterprise.”

The fisherman asked, “But, how long will this all take?”
To which the American replied, “15 – 20 years.”
“But what then?” Asked the Mexican.

The American laughed and said, “That’s the best part.  When the time is right you would announce an IPO and sell your company stock to the public and become very rich, you would make millions!”

“Millions – then what?”
The American said, “Then you would retire.  Move to a small coastal fishing village where you would sleep late, fish a little, play with your kids, take siestas with your wife, stroll to the village in the evenings where you could sip wine and play your guitar with your amigos.”

Happiness is a comfortable state of body and mind. We have notions that material pleasures will bring us more joy. When we work with this notion in our mind we end up working all the time for a better tomorrow. When tomorrow comes, we may have those material pleasures but no times to enjoy them because we are striving for some other objectives. We always tell ourselves that the work we put in now will result in a better future. We did the same thing in the past and we are doing it again. This only results a hectic and stress-filled life.

What we are today is a result of the past. As children we dreamt of an independent life. We dreamt of a time when we would find work, move out, pay our own bills. Then when we began working and paying bills, it wasn't so great after all. We needed to buy our own home and a better car and more. Then the home needs repairs and maintenance and decorating. Then we plan for kids, then their education, then our retirement. We keep trying to accumulate for a happy future but we only end up accumulating stress resulting is a very uncomfortable state of mind and sometimes body.

The present moment is a result of the past moment. If the dream was to play with kids, then the time is now to play with them. If the past has resulted in an uncomfortable present, then now is the time to heal. If we live the present moment mindfully then we will be happier tomorrow. Now is the time to cultivate the right habit of dwelling happily in the present moment.

Sometimes we just need to learn how to sit or how to walk and we can be very happy. We can practice sitting or walking meditation, tea mediation or perform our tasks keeping in mind that we want to live this moment.

If you ever decide to become a monk or a nun at Plum Village in France or Deer Park Monastery in the United States, you will spend a lot of time sitting, walking and eating mindfully. We can do that right now. With a little bit of practice we can learn to keep the body comfortable. We must practice sitting in a manner that will not cause pain after a while. We must learn to walk in a manner we can enjoy walking. Enjoy the movement of your hands, of your feet, your breath, your body. With a little practice we can enjoy our tea and the food we eat. When we learn to live like that we begin to live stress free lives. We become happier, healthier and more beautiful. We must live the present moment fully and in accordance with the five mindfulness trainings. Transformation at the base occurs when we transform our habits. That can only happen in the present moment.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Thursday 24 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty Six

We recognize internal knots and latent tendencies
so we can transform them.
When our habit energies dissipate,
transformation at the base is there.

Internal knots are blocks of pain or suffering in our consciousness. When we encounter unpleasant experiences or cultivate negative habits like smoking, they may form internal knots. Internal knots lie in the store consciousness and we begin to act motivated by them.

If we cultivate the habit of smoking we become addicted to it and then we are driven by the urge to smoke. Every hour or so we may want to smoke.

If we are hurt or abused, it may form an internal knot and next time we encounter similar conditions we may react with anger or out of fear.

Most of the time we are driven by habits that we have cultivated. They take over our lives. Latent tendencies are habits that we haven't completely transformed. They remain dormant and may become active if supporting conditions arise.

The practice of mindfulness helps us transform our habits and guard against formation of negative habits. We recognize the formations and look into them, into the conditions that are causing them.

When we are watchful, we are better prepared. We can practice conscious breathing when we experience urges like the desire to smoke. It is an addiction, a deep rooted habit, but the urge lasts only for a few minutes. If we can learn to deal with it, we can transform this habit. Initially we experience the urge frequently and as we learn not to give in to the urges by practicing mindful breathing and by bringing to mind cigarette's negative impact on our health, their manifestation reduces. After practicing mindfulness even for a few weeks, we can be completely free from habits like smoking, drinking, overeating etc. After some time the urges stop arising completely.

When we practice the five mindfulness trainings, we learn to think if our action or words may bring harm to us or others. If we feel the urge to eat non vegetarian food, we should bring to mind the fact that we will consume and add to suffering. We can order vegan food and practice mindful eating. While eating our attention must be on the food. We must be able to recognize food as a gift of nature and not a result of cruelty. Practicing in this manner we can give up non vegetarian dietary habits very quickly.

There are two kinds of habit energies. First are those formed by actions and the second is the habit of grasping duality. If we sleep late for a few days, it may become a habit. This is an example of a habit formed by action. The other habit, of grasping duality, is our habit of looking at everything from the perspective of self and others.

When these two kinds of habits are transformed we experience the fruits of our practice. This is known as transformation at the base. In order for this to occur we must practice the five mindfulness trainings and always bring to mind the interbeing nature of reality. We must always keep in mind that we are not separate from others.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Wednesday 23 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty Five

When sunlight shines,
it helps all vegetation grow.
When mindfulness shines,
it transforms all mental formations.

Without sunlight, life would not be possible. The Earth would not be in its place. All that the sun has to do is be present to make life possible.

In order for transformation to occur we need to be present. It is through mindfulness that we can be present in the here and the now. When we are present we can recognize manifestations and bring about transformation.

There are three ways we can deal with negative mental formations. One is to plant seeds of positive mental formations. When we do this we are creating conditions for positive mental formations to manifest.

The second way to deal with negative mental formations is to look deeply at them when they arise. To recognize the conditions that are making them manifest. Each time we do that we shorten their manifestations and weaken the seeds that give rise to them.

The third way is to recreate conditions, which caused negative formations to manifest, in our mind. We can then look deeply to understand their nature.

Mindfulness helps us connect to the present moment. The present moment is the real world. The rest is memory or imagination. The more we dwell in an imaginary world, the more suffering we create.

Practicing mindfulness we can touch the real world. It is not only a positive mental formation but also one of the five powers that all of us possess in varying degrees (faith, diligence, mindfulness, concentration, insight).

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Tuesday 22 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty Four

Practice conscious breathing
to water the seeds of awakening.
Right view is a flower
blooming in the field of mind consciousness.

The practice of conscious breathing is to bring the mind to the present moment. The present moment is the only moment we can live in. We cannot live the past or the future right now. So it is necessary to bring the mind to the present moment so we can be alive. Breathe, you are alive.

To be awake is to be aware of what is happening around us. We cannot be aware of what is happening around us if our mind is preoccupied with thoughts.

Right view, in this verse, refers to the realization that we need to recognize and water wholesome seeds and formations. The mind consciousness is the gardener, so we train the mind consciousness to recognize positive and negative mental formations.

We must try to reduce the occurrences and learn to deal with negative mental formations while trying to prolong the manifestation of positive mental formations.

When negative mental formations manifest, we must look into the supporting conditions and look to work with the negative formations. As we keep trying to do this, we become better at dealing with negative mental formations.

Perceptions lead to views. If we perceive incorrectly, we will end up cultivating wrong views. In order to perceive correctly we must be attentive. The mind must be in the present moment and free from preconceived notions.

You may be angry because someone at work or at a client's office made a mistake. However, if you look into the four conditions you may realize that it was perhaps not wise to expect otherwise. Then it may be possible for you to create supporting causes leading to synergy and successful completion of objectives rather than becoming a subject experiencing anger.

The Buddha in us can manifest if we create conditions for the Buddha to manifest. To create the conditions we need mindfulness.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

CFPB - Third Anniversary

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau celebrated their third anniversary yesterday. They protect people from antisocial and predatory organizations like Ocwen and Altisource. I hope they help many more people in the years to come.

Monday 21 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty Three

Don't run away from birth and death.
Just look deeply into your mental formations.
When the true nature of interdependence is seen,
the truth of interbeing is realized.

By constantly looking at the interdependent nature of reality we can one day perceive the ultimate nature, the unconditioned world. In order to do this we need to look closely at the world of birth and death.

In this verse Vasubandhu tells us how to practice in a manner that can help us realize interbeing (emptiness). With the help of teachers like Thich Nhat Hanh and Vasubandhu, things become so clear to practitioners like us.

Our meditation practice is to observe the mental formations arising in our consciousness and to identify the four conditions. The four conditions for manifestation of phenomena are primary cause, object as a cause, supporting causes and immediacy of continuity. We then know that the manifestation of the mental formation is dependent on these conditions.

Let us say that someone is very rude with us and we become angry. So we immediately identify the four conditions that are causing the anger to manifest. We, then, need to analyze if we and the anger really are separate from each other and the four conditions causing this anger.

Just like how the mental formation, anger, arises due to the presence of the four conditions, we too arise in the same manner. We are like the music from a violin. Without violin, there is no music. Without the violinist there is no music. The nature of the violin and the violinist are also the same as us, as the music and as all other phenomenon. This is interdependence.

When we go a step further and see how the tune in the mind of the violinist combines with the violin to manifest as music, we see that the music was already in the violinist and the violin. We see interbeing. Can you also see the violinist and the violin in the music?

One aspect is to see that music manifests when the conditions are present. The other aspect is to realize that the music was always there. The realization that music was always there and inseparable from the violinist, the violin and everything else is to touch suchness - the realm of unconditioned phenomena, nirvana.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Sunday 20 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty Two

Even while blooming, the flower is already in the compost,
and the compost is already in the flower.
Flower and compost are not two.
Delusion and enlightenment inter-are.

This is a landmark verse as far as Indian philosophy is concerned. We know that Prince Siddhartha studied from the eminent Sānkhya teacher Ālāra Kālāma. The Sānkhya school of Hinduism have a theory known as satkāryavāda. According to the theory of satkāryavāda, the result is present in the cause in an un-manifested form.

Nagarjuna's Madhyamika school and Chandrakirti of the Prasangikā Madhyamika school refuted the Sānkhya views. According to the Madhyamikas, if the result is in the cause, the potter need not exert himself to turn clay into a pot. The pot and clay should be indistinguishable. Both should serve the same purpose. So why do Sānkhyas need a pot, why don't they just use clay instead!

If you say that the difference is merely in the form, Nagarjuna and Chandrakirti would slaughter you on the debate grounds. If you admit that there is a difference between the two then you admit that there is something in the result that is not in the cause. If you admit that then you are in contradiction with your theory that 'the result is present in the cause'. So the Sānkhyas have two choices, to either use clay to store water or to admit that their view is incorrect. Sānkhyas also believed that the transformation from clay to pot is real. This is known as parināmavāda.

Enter Vasubandhu. Vasubandhu's Fifty Verses were a game changer. Looking deeply we can find his response to both Madhyamika's refutations of satkāryavāda as well as Sankhya's parināmavāda. According to Vasubandhu the flower is already in the compost, the pot is  already in the clay. Let's see how this is possible.

Now all that we have studied in the previous verses are beginning to converge. We have studied that if we plant a mango seed, then we will have a mango tree, not a pineapple tree. We have also understood that there is no separate self. We have studied that nothing is created or destroyed.

If the Madhyamikas view the pot and the clay as separate from each other, then the Madhyamikas think that there is a separate self. That means they are contradicting their own theory of no-self. The question of why the potter needs to exert himself to transform clay to pot does not arise as the potter, the clay and the pot are not separate from each other. The transformation and separation are illusory and not real. That the transformation is not real is known as vivartavada and is also upheld by the Advaita Vedantins.

Vasubandhu leaves one more door open for the Madhyamikas. We studied that consciousness has three parts - the subject, the object and the svabhava (the inherent nature, the substance like the metal in the coin). If Nagarjuna chooses to admit that he is nihilist and  proclaim that svabhava  does not really exist, then there is no cause and no effect. So there is no result in the cause because there is no cause.

So Vasubandhu leaves three options for the Madhyamikas - admit that they are nihilists, admit to the existence of a separate self or uphold the Vijñaptimātra philosophy.

We must, however, understand that the Prasangikas use debate to drop views. No view is right view. So when seen from that perspective we can understand that they are helping us. However, to succeed as a Vijñaptimātrin, one must know not only to leave the raft at the shore but also to build and row one when needed.

Assertion and refutation are two sides of the coin. They are dependent on the svabhava, the coin. Refutation does not mean assertion of an opposing viewpoint but the ground for assertion and refutation are still common. If you refute form, you are refuting emptiness. If we say that no view is right view, so we must refute all views, then that too is wrong view.

Vijñaptimātra was the last school to have emerged in India and contains the teachings of all other schools so we may quite often come across teachings that contradict each other. We have to bring to mind the sutra on the right way to catch a snake. To reach the other shore we need a raft. The raft is not the other shore but is needed to get there. The way to get there is to see the flower in the compost. If we refute that, it doesn't help us.

To be free from delusion, one has to seek enlightenment. One who is enlightened is free from delusion. If there was no delusion there would be no enlightenment. When we refute the view of separate self, we are not refuting the existence of self. We are merely saying that we are not separate from others, we are not saying that we do not exist. The cloud is in the river and the river is in the cloud.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)


#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas


Saturday 19 July 2014

The Path Of Practice - Verse Forty One

Meditating on the nature of interdependence
can transform delusion into enlightenment.
Samsara and suchness are not two.
They are one and the same.

In order to transform delusion into enlightenment we need to meditate on the nature of interdependence. The interdependent nature of reality is the connect between imaginary construction and suchness (fulfilled nature). By constantly looking at things through the eyes of interdependence we can touch suchness.

The world of birth and death, separate self and others, is an imaginary construction. Just like how a cloud transforms into rain and back into a cloud, there is transformation. This transformation is dependent on causes and conditions. This transformation can be seen and understood by looking deeply into impermanence.

A cloud is not separate from the sun or the rivers or trees. Without water there would be no cloud. Without the sun, the water cannot transform into cloud. Rain is necessary for trees to grow. Rainwater is present in trees. Rainwater is the cloud. The cloud is in the tree. When the tree bears fruit, it is in the fruit as well. When we consume the fruit, we also consume the cloud. The cloud is in us. It is not separate from us. By looking at things this way we understand that there is no separate self.

When we look into impermanence and no-self we are looking at the interdependent and interbeing nature of reality from the dimensions of time and space. Impermanence is the dimension of time. No-self is the dimension of space. Looking at no-self we understand interbeing.

Thich Nhat Hanh talks about interbeing and compassion -

"In Plum Village, where I live in France, we receive many letters from the refugee camps in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, hundreds each week. It is very painful to read them, but we have to do it, we have to be in contact. We try our best to help, but the suffering is enormous, and sometimes we are discouraged. It is said that half the boat people die in the ocean. Only half arrive at the shores in Southeast Asia, and even then they may not be safe.

There are many young girls, boat people, who are raped by sea pirates. Even though the United Nations and many countries try to help the government of Thailand prevent that kind of piracy, sea pirates continue to inflict much suffering on the refugees. One day we received a letter telling us about a young girl on a small boat who was raped by a Thai pirate. She was only twelve, and she jumped into the ocean and drowned herself.

When you first learn of something like that, you get angry at the pirate. You naturally take the side of the girl. As you look more deeply you will see it differently. If you take the side of the little girl, then it is easy. You only have to take a gun and shoot the pirate. But we cannot do that. In my meditation I saw that if I had been born in the village of the pirate and raised in the same conditions as he was, there is a great likelihood that I would become a pirate. I saw that many babies are born along the Gulf of Siam, hundreds every day, and if we educators, social workers, politicians, and others do not do something about the situation, in twenty-five years a number of them will become sea pirates. That is certain. If you or I were born today in those fishing villages, we may become sea pirates in twenty-five years. If you take a gun and shoot the pirate, all of us are to some extent responsible for this state of affairs.

After a long meditation, I wrote this poem. In it, there are three people: the twelve-year-old girl, the pirate, and me. Can we look at each other and recognize ourselves in each other? The title of the poem is "Please Call Me by My True Names," because I have so many names. When I hear one of these names, I have to say, "Yes."

Call Me by My True Names

Don't say that I will depart tomorrow—

even today I am still arriving.

Look deeply: every second I am arriving

to be a bud on a Spring branch,

to be a tiny bird, with still-fragile wings,

learning to sing in my new nest,

to be a caterpillar in the heart of a flower,

to be a jewel hiding itself in a stone.

I still arrive, in order to laugh and to cry,

to fear and to hope.

The rhythm of my heart is the birth and death

of all that is alive.

I am a mayfly metamorphosing

on the surface of the river.

And I am the bird

that swoops down to swallow the mayfly.

I am a frog swimming happily

in the clear water of a pond.

And I am the grass-snake

that silently feeds itself on the frog.

I am the child in Uganda, all skin and bones,

my legs as thin a bamboo sticks.

And I am the arms merchant,

selling deadly weapons to Uganda.

I am the twelve-year-old girl,

refugee on a small boat,

who throws herself into the ocean

after being raped by a sea pirate.

And I am the pirate,

my heart not yet capable

of seeing and loving.

I am a member of the politburo,

with plenty of power in my hands.

And I am the man who has to pay

his "debt of blood" to, my people,

dying slowly in a forced labor camp.


My joy is like Spring, so warm

it makes flowers bloom all over the Earth.

My pain is like a river of tears,

so vast it fills the four oceans.

Please call me by my true names,

so I can hear all my cries and laughter at once,

so I can see that my joy and pain are one.

Please call me by my true names,

so I can wake up

and the door of my heart

could be left open,

the door of compassion."

To find the world of no birth and no death, we need to look deeply at impermanence and no-self. Nirvana is not separate from samsara. It is right here. We need to wake up. To be awake is to be aware of what is happening around us.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

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Friday 18 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Forty

Construction impregnates the mind with seeds of delusion,
bringing about the misery of samsara.
The fulfilled opens the door of wisdom
to the realm of suchness.

There are three modes of perceptions - things-in-themselves (suchness), representations and mere images.  The field of representations and mere images are incorrect modes of perception.

In samsara, we mostly dwell in the field of representations and use inference and testimony (words of others) frequently. Inference is not always accurate neither is testimony.

Inference can only always be accurate if we know everything. Since we don't know everything, inference frequently turns out incorrect. United States went to war with Iraq suspecting them of possessing nuclear weapons. It turned out that Iraq didn't possess any. Similarly, numerous locations in Afghanistan were targeted under the impression that Osama Bin Laden was hiding there. As it turned out, America's trusted ally Pakistan was home to Osama. Do you see how speculation causes suffering? Must we speculate on who hit the MH17? We may end up causing two nations (Ukraine and Russia) to suffer. We are so given to speculation, we are unable to stop. On the other hand, helpless American citizens are taken for a ride by the banks and loan servicers in America. Poor students have to pay high interest rates to raise educational loans. People would like fair wages and equal pay.

We do the same at an individual level. If we pay attention to reality and recognize sufferings and work towards resolutions, we can be happier. Living in a 'constructed' world can only cause suffering.

The true mind can see through the constructs. It can see that conflict strengthens enmity. It prolongs difficult times. It can see through the eyes of interbeing that conflict does not benefit either. Russia must see that too much of NATO involvement in its neighborhood is not very good for it. Ukraine should understand that they cannot move their nation to a different location and that they have to live with Russians. So both should be willing to talk and resolve the situation amicably. Speculation causes strife between neighbors. True mind realizes this and is able to touch reality. We have to constantly look through the eyes of interbeing. We can be happy when others are happy.

Why don't the rich construct homes for themselves right in the middle of a ghettos? Why do the rich want to live in posh neighborhoods? Because they seek peace and convenience which comes from living in a 'good' neighborhood which comes from those who make up the neighborhood. If instead of moving to expensive neighborhoods we helped our neighbors, there would be no ghettos. When we see through the true mind, we can understand this. If the rich move to ghettos, using their wealth they could transform these neighborhoods. They would make a lot of new friends and spread much joy.

If we are guided by the five mindfulness trainings, we can build happy communities.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

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Thursday 17 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty Nine

Interdependent manifestation has two aspects -
deluded mind and true mind.
Deluded mind is imaginary construction.
True mind is fulfilled nature.

It is said that when Empress Wu established her Zhou dynasty empire, she invited Fazang to her court to receive instructions on Buddhism from him. Fazang presented the essential teachings to her using the example of a golden lion in her court.

In her court was a lion made of gold. Fazang explained that reality has three natures. Parinispanna svabhava - the gold. It is the ultimate nature. To perceive the gold is to touch suchness. The nature of gold does not change when it is molded into the shape of a lion. The parikalpita svabhava is to perceive the golden lion - a construction and to think that the construction is reality. The paratantra svabhav is the interdependent nature of reality - to perceive that the golden lion is dependent on causes and conditions.

The deluded mind is caught in the parikalpita nature. It perceives the conventional nature of reality. The true mind, on the other hand, touches suchness. It perceives the gold - the ultimate nature of reality. To switch from parikalpita nature (samsara) to parinispanna svabhava (nirvana) we must practice looking at the paratantra svabhava, the interdependent nature of reality.

Just like how the golden lion is the construction of skilled artisans, the parikalpita svabhava is a creation of the deluded mind. It thinks that the golden lion has come into existence and when the golden lion is molded into, say, a golden peacock, the deluded mind thinks the golden lion does not exist anymore. It views the golden lion and the golden peacock as separate from each other. It is unable to recognize the transformation. The deluded mind creates suffering.

The true mind is able to recognize the gold - the ultimate nature of reality. This is the realm of things-in-themselves.

Thus samsara and nirvana are two aspects of the same reality.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

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Wednesday 16 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty Eight

Conditions that are favorable or non-obstructing
are supporting causes.
The fourth type of condition
is the immediacy of continuity.

If we were to start a vegan restaurant, it would be helpful if it we found space at a prime location. A sizeable budget for promotions would also come in handy to make our restaurant business a success. Conditions such as these are supporting causes. They either help manifestation or at the very least cause little obstruction.

Sometimes what may look like a challenge first can also turn out to be a supporting cause. When we start as a monk, pride may initially appear as an obstacle but with little bit of effort it can be transformed into faith. With faith it is easier to progress on the path. It is one of the five powers (faith, diligence, mindfulness, concentration, insight).

The fourth condition required for manifestation of phenomena is the immediacy of continuity. What we are now is the result of what we were in the previous moment. So in order for phenomena to continue manifesting, this condition must be present. How tall we grow depends, among other factors, on the production of growth hormones in our body. If the production of growth hormones has stopped then we will stop growing taller though we may exercise and consume nutritious diet.

So, the four conditions for manifestation of phenomena are primary cause, object as a cause, supporting causes and immediacy of continuity. By understanding this we can restrict the manifestation of negative mental formations and other negative phenomena and prolong the manifestation of positive mental formations and other positive phenomena.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

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Tuesday 15 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty Seven

When a seed gives rise to a formation,
it is the primary cause.
The subject of perception depends on the object of perception.
This is an object as cause.

The store consciousness is like a field with seeds sown in it. When the seeds are watered they sprout. If someone waters the seed of anger, we become angry. Anger is a mental formation. The seed of anger is the primary cause and the person who watered the seed is known as the object cause.

Without an object we cannot be angry. If we are angry there must be an object causing us to be angry. A thought is an object too.

When a positive mental formation such as faith/confidence manifests, we should try to keep it in our mind for as long as possible. If a negative mental formation, like anger manifests, we should embrace it with mindfulness and quickly let go of the object causing the anger so the anger can subside. For example, if you are upset about a news item you read about on the internet or some office gossip about you, don't dwell upon it. When we dwell upon something that acts as an 'object cause' for a negative mental formation, we end up strengthening that mental formation.

Mental formations produce mental formations as well as seeds. If we keep on watering seeds of envy, it will emerge stronger. The habit energy associated with that seed will be very strong, like that of a person addicted to smoking cigarettes. The more he smokes, the more addicted he gets. The more we are addicted to smoking, the more we will smoke.

We should always try to create an atmosphere that prevents manifestation of negative mental formations. The simplest way to do it is to relax the mind and focus on our breath. We can breathe in and breathe out mindfully and when a thought arises in the mind we should quickly identify if it is going to water the seed of a negative mental formation. If we identify the thought to be one that waters the seed of a negative mental formation, then we should let go of that thought quickly.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Monday 14 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty Six

Beings manifest when conditions are sufficient.
When conditions lack, they no longer appear.
Still, there is no coming, no going,
no being, and no nonbeing.

One day I met a beautiful person. She is from Iran. I asked her why she came from Iran to India. She said she wanted freedom. She did not feel free in Iran. When we were discussing this, we were in a restaurant along with our friends, Ven. Rabten and others. I too was looking for freedom. I always have. I have never been to Iran. I have always lived in India. And yet, I too did not feel free. For instance, we could only eat what was on the menu. She could come to the restaurant without having to wear a headscarf but still the freedom of choice as far as food was concerned was restricted to the options on the menu.

This is because things only manifest when conditions are sufficient. If we are at a South Indian eatery we may not get paella because they may not have the ingredients or the recipe to prepare paella. We must know how to prepare paella and we must have the ingredients, the utensils, the desire to prepare paella. These are the conditions. Similarly, beings only manifest when conditions are sufficient to manifest.

We do not come into existence or go into nonexistence. When we are not manifesting, we wait for the right conditions to manifest. When conditions are right flowers bloom. When conditions are right we fall in love. When conditions are right, Germany wins the World Cup!

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Sunday 13 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty Five

Space, time, and the four great elements
are all manifestations of consciousness.
In the process of interbeing and interpenetration,
our store consciousness ripens in every moment.

When we are dreaming, we can experience the sky, water, earth, trees, beings etc. We can experience the taste of sweet lime or an orange in a dream. Where is the dream sky, the dream orange? The eyes are closed, there is no orange in our mouth when we are asleep.

This example is provided to practitioners to make them understand that whatever we experience is a manifestation of our individual and collective consciousnesses. The earth, water, air and fire are all a manifestation of our individual and collective consciousnesses.

Let us say that I visit Plum Village in my dream. I meet Thich Nhat Hanh. I receive teachings from him. Many teachings. I spend many days, months, perhaps years practicing meditation and learning from Thich Nhat Hanh. However, when I wake up it's only seven hours since I slept. What is our sense of time? Of distance? Where is the Plum Village of my dreams? How did it fit into my small room? We can see that time and distance too are manifestations of consciousness.

Is our experience of eating a tangerine in a dream any different from when we are awake? We can say it was a dream, when we wake up. But when we are dreaming, that experience is real. The fear, the joy, the touch.. all are real experiences.

Is it possible for two consciousnesses to meet in a dream? Asanga was able to receive teachings from Maitreya in his dreams. Can you connect with someone and experience a dream together? 

This is the best way to get our mind to understand and investigate Vijñaptimātra teachings. Much like in a dream, all our experiences are a manifestation of consciousness. According to many great Buddhist masters, what we generally perceive as reality is actually a collective dream.

Practitioners are encouraged to understand where dreams come from. When we are dreaming, the mind consciousness, manas and store consciousness are active. So we can see for ourselves that what we experience in dreams is coming from the store consciousness as all sense organs are inactive. There is nothing coming from outside.

Each manifestation is the ripening of a fruit in the store consciousness. Fruits in the store consciousness are ripening all the time.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Saturday 12 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty Four

In individual and collective manifestation,
self and nonself are not two.
The cycle of birth and death is achieved in every moment.
Consciousness evolves in the ocean of birth and death.

No manifestation is only individual or only collective. The natural resources are a manifestation of our collective consciousnesses. All of us can visit Bodhgaya and see the Bodhi tree. However, there may be a tree in your dream that only you know of. That is not visible to us. However just like how the tree in your dream does not exist, separate from you, the Bodhi tree is not separate from us. We classify the five skandhas as self and the rest as nonself but in reality self and nonself are not separate from each other.

The gardener (mind consciousness) planted the seeds in the field (store consciousness) and the seeds have now become plants and are bearing fruit. The fruits have not appeared from nowhere. They are not separate from the tree. Mangoes come from mango trees, not pineapple trees. The tree is not separate from the seed. Mango trees come from mango seeds, not watermelon seeds. The soil, the sun, water, all play a part in the transformation of the seed into a sapling. There are elements of the soil, the sun, water in the sapling. The sapling transforms into a tree which then bears fruit. Unaware of all this, the fruit may think it is separate from water. The fruit is unable to recognize the water in itself. The fruit loves rainfall but when it is not raining, it misses the rain, the water. It suffers.

Our body and mind undergo transformation all the time. Cells in our body die and new cells replace them. Children lose their teeth and new stronger teeth replace them. After we shave, hair grows again. We are never the same. We change every moment. Birth is manifestation and death is non-manifestation. The 'me' that manifests this moment dies this very moment and a new 'me' manifests the next moment. We only manifest for a moment. Everything only manifests for a moment. Our consciousness evolves from moment to moment. Our consciousnesses are not static.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

#विज्ञप्तिमात्र #Vijñaptimātra #VijñaptimatraBuddhism #ThichNhatHanh #Vasubandhu #50Verses #50VersesOnVijñaptimātra #Vimshatika #Trimshika #VimshatikaKarika #TrimshikaKarika #Asanga #Yogacāra #Yogacara #ManifestationOnly #Vigyaptimatra #Xuanzang #India #Linji #Rinzai #Zen #Bodhidharma #Hinduism #Buddhism #Buddha #Mahayana  #Prajñapāramitā #Vijnaptimatra #IndianBuddhism #IndianPhilosophy #UttarPradesh #StoreConsciousness #Alayavijñana #Manas

Celebrating Guru Purnima By Practicing The Guru Yoga

Today is the full moon day in the month of Ashadh in India and is celebrated as Guru Purnima. Today, Buddha Siddhartha Gautama taught the Dharmachakraparivartan Sutra to his first five students. In effect, today he became a Guru, by virtue of which we are able to study and practice the dharma. The wheel of dharma was set in motion. Thanks to our teachers the wheel is still in motion.

Buddhists observe today as uposath day. All monks, nuns, men and women practice the five precepts/five mindfulness trainings. In addition to this, Mahāyāna practitioners also practice extensive meditations or the Guru Yoga.

Yoga means 'to connect' or 'to join'. Without a connection there is no transmission. Transmission of dharma is only possible if we are able to connect with our teacher. This is also the practice of understanding interbeing. By practicing Guru Yoga, we are practicing interbeing.


The Practice of Guru Yoga


Step One - Display of Respect

Our Guru has spent years studying various texts, practicing meditations and has undergone great difficulties so we can have access to dharma. We respect him for doing this and for patiently teaching and helping us develop wonderful qualities like compassion.

Step Two - Offering

What do we offer to our teacher? Do Thich Nhat Hanh or Shakyamuni Buddha or Guru Padmasambhava need money or flowers or incense? No, they don't. Looking deeply, we can see that for us to learn effectively we must be able to concentrate. If we think about our schooldays, we can see that we would miss what was being discussed in class when we were not concentrating. So we offer our concentration to our Guru. This is for our own benefit. We will learn quickly and effectively.

Step Three - Admitting Shortcomings

It is easy to see how our Guru is more accomplished than us in every aspect. I have hardly read a few words compared to the ocean of dharma my teacher, Thich Nhat Hanh, has explored. I have hardly practiced a few seconds of meditation compared to the time Thich Nhat Hanh has spent practicing meditation. It is easy to see our shortcomings. We must bring to mind our shortcomings. Our lack of mindfulness results in lack of concentration and diligence and this has prevented us from doing what is necessary to become a Buddha.

Step Four - Rejoicing In Guru's Good Qualities

We bring to mind the good qualities of our Guru. His ability to communicate. His immense knowledge. His kindness. His dedication and commitment. We realize that he has been able to acquire these wondrous qualities due to a very strong bodhichitta. We see that we benefit from all of our Guru's accomplishments and rejoice.

Step Five - Request

We request our Guru to teach. What is needed to learn effectively apart from concentration? From the fourteen mindfulness trainings, we know that we cannot learn effectively without openness and non-attachment to views. This is the teaching of Vijñaptimātra school. This is also the teaching of Mādhyamikā school. There are four kinds of students. One is like an upturned pot. Nothing goes into the pot. Student is not open. Learns nothing. The second is like a leaking pot. Lack of concentration and diligence, results in loss of learning. The third is like a dirty pot. So the water poured into the pot becomes contaminated. Attachment to views becomes an obstacle. The fourth is the perfect student. Like a clean, open, non-leaking pot. This perfect student practices openness, non-attachment to views, concentration and diligence. We let the teacher know that by practicing these qualities, we are ready to receive teachings. Please teach us through all ways.

Step Six - Remain Until We Are Enlightened

We request the teacher to be with us until we are enlightened. Until we have become fully enlightened Buddhas, so we can help others. As ordinary beings we cannot help others effectively. By offering money or kind words to someone we may bring some temporary joy but not permanent joy. A Mahāyānist wants his parents, wife, children, friends and everyone else to find permanent joy. He wants to free them from birth and death. His love is forever, not just until death. A Buddha can take us through the twelve Bodhisattva bhumis, resulting in complete elimination of all forms of sufferings. So we want to be a Buddha. So we request our teacher to teach us until we have become a Buddha. In whichever land you may be born, Venerable Thich Nhat Hanh, whatever form you may take, may I be born with you.

Step Seven - Dedication

We dedicate the positive energy acquired through our practice for the cause of enlightenment so we can be of service to others. The Mahāyānist realizes that he cannot be happy until others are happy. So he seeks enlightenment so he can help others be enlightened.

The visual practice of seeing interbeing and connecting with the Guru is known as the Guru Yoga Tantra. It the same as above, only a visual meditation.


The Practice Of Guru Yoga Tantra

Step One - Display of Respect

Sit in Vairocana or Maitreya posture. Close your eyes. Imagine your Guru or Shakyamuni Buddha seated in front of you. Bow to your Guru/Shakyamuni Buddha.

Step Two - Offering

Concentrate on your Guru's face. Try to visualize clearly. This is offering our concentration.

Step Three - Admitting Shortcomings

Visualize your Guru positioned higher than you. This symbolizes your shortcomings.

Step Four - Rejoicing In Guru's Good Qualities

Imagine your Guru on a throne, majestic, emitting bright light of mindfulness. Be happy.

Step Five - Request

Open up your chakras (energy centers in your body) to receive the transmission of the energy of mindfulness from your Guru.

Step Six - Remain Until We Are Enlightened

Imagine a lotus on your crown chakra. It is the highest chakra (energy center) in the human body. Imagine the Guru moves from his throne in front of you to be seated on this lotus flower. Now imagines that he melts and flows into your heart chakra. We are one. This the nature of reality. We are not separate from others. So the Guru can be with us until we are enlightened. His bodhichitta can strengthen our bodhichitta.

Step Seven - Dedication

Now that we have realized that the Guru is in us. We have realized that the Buddha is in us. We emit bright light of mindfulness that liberates all minds of ignorance, removes all sufferings from the minds, hearts and lives of all sentient beings.

If you have not found a Guru yet, please imagine Shakyamuni Buddha. You'll find a Guru soon. A Guru is one you can see as a Buddha. If you are unable to see your teacher as a Buddha, then you haven't found your Guru yet. Your Guru can be very far away. He can even be from a different time period (like Vasubandhu or Shakyamuni Buddha or Guru Padmasabhava or Master Linji). Time and distance are concepts. Buddhas are free from concepts.

The difference between the two Guru Yogas is that in the first the practitioners use words, prayers and thoughts to express and experience whereas in the tantra practice practitioners use visualization to express and experience.


Wish you a happy Guru Purnima and may you become enlightened soon!


(The author is a student of Thich Nhat Hanh.)


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Friday 11 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty Three

Birth and death depend on conditions.
Consciousness is by nature a discriminatory manifestation.
Perceiver and perceived depend on each other
as subject and object of perception.

When conditions are right, we manifest. When conditions are insufficient, we do not manifest. However, we still exist, waiting for the right conditions to manifest.

Manifestation is dependent on conditions. All actions are preceded by volition, the process of making a decision to act. It is a form of energy. Like electricity can animate a fan, volition energy can animate our body. Even when conditions are not right for a body to manifest, volition energy remains. When volition and ignorance are present, store consciousness can manifest body, manas, mind consciousness, sense consciousnesses and their objects. Volition and ignorance are the causes. Store consciousness, the mind, body and sense consciousnesses and contact are the effects.

When the body and mind and the sense consciousnesses arise in the womb, contact is possible. They act as causes resulting in feeling, craving, grasping and the baby's 'coming to be' which in turn cause birth. Birth leads to death.

Subject and object arise simultaneously. Mind consciousness, sense consciousnesses and their objects manifest from the store consciousness. When ignorance and volition energy are present, the store consciousness gives rise to manas. Manas' nature is to discriminate. Manas acts as the controller of the mind and sense consciousnesses. Thus our untrained mind perceives the object as separate from the subject.

While our mind and sense consciousnesses perceive the objects and subject (self) as separate from each other due to the functioning of manas under the influence of ignorance, in reality the subject and object are interdependent.

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

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Thursday 10 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty Two

Consciousness has three parts -
perceiver, perceived, and wholeness.
All seeds and mental formations
are the same.

When monks start on traditions like Dzogchen and Mahāmudrā, they are given the task to observe their thoughts and to try and figure out, among other aspects, if the thoughts are separate from the mind. This is to understand that the subject (perceiver) is not separate from its object (perceived). The consciousness and its object arise simultaneously. The third aspect is the wholeness (thing-in-itself, the inherent nature).

The same applies to the seeds and mental formations. They too have the same three aspects. Like anger and mind consciousness and its base - manas.

Here is an explanation from Thich Nhat Hanh -

"The other afternoon, when I returned to my hermitage, I closed all the doors and windows because it was so windy. This morning, my window is open and I can see the cool, green forest. The sun is shining and a bird is singing beautifully. Little Thuy has already left for school. I must stop writing for a moment so I can look at the trees stretching across the hillside. I am aware of their presence and my own presence. It is not always necessary to close our sense-doors in order to be concentrated. Beginning meditators, to make concentrating on their breath or another object easier, may find it beneficial to close their sight and sound windows, but concentration is also possible with these windows open. Sense objects do not exist just outside the body. Even while we are not seeing, hearing, smelling, or tasting, we cannot ignore the feelings inside our bodies. When you have a toothache, or a cramp in your leg, you feel the pain. When all your organs are healthy, you feel a sense of wellbeing. Buddhism speaks of three kinds of feelings: pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral. But really, socalled neutral feelings can be quite pleasant, if we are aware.

The feelings inside the body are an uninterrupted stream, whether we are aware of them or not, so to "close all our sense-doors" is actually impossible. Even if we were somehow able to barricade them, the mind and consciousness would continue to work, and we would have images, concepts, and thoughts arising from memory. Some people think that to meditate is to separate ourselves from the world of thoughts and feelings and return to a kind of pure state where the mind contemplates itself and becomes "true mind." It is a lovely idea, but it is basically misleading. Since mind is not separate from the world of thoughts and feelings, how can it leave and retire into itself? When I look at the trees in front of me, my mind does not go outside of me into the forest, nor does it open a door to let the trees in. My mind fixes on the trees, but they are not a distinct object. My mind and the trees are one. The trees are only one of the miraculous manifestations of the mind.

Forest.
Thousands of tree-bodies and mine.
Leaves are waving,
Ears hear the stream's call,
Eyes see into the sky of mind,
A half-smile unfolds on every leaf.
There is a forest here
Because I am here.
But mind has followed the forest And clothed itself in green.

The sage enters samadhi, and he or she does not know there is an "outside world" to keep out or an "inside world" to penetrate. The world reveals itself, even when the eyes are closed. The world is neither inner nor outer. It is vital and complete in any object of contemplation-the breath, the tip of the nose, a kung-an, or anything else, as tiny as a speck of dust or as huge as a mountain. Whatever the object, it is not fragmented from ultimate reality. In fact, it contains the vast totality of reality."

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

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Tuesday 8 July 2014

The Nature Of Reality - Verse Thirty One

Consciousness always includes
subject and object.
Self and other, inside and outside,
are all creations of the conceptual mind.

The subject and object are not separate from each other. Consciousness is the perception or cognition of an object. It has three parts - the subject, the object and the wholeness. They are not separate from each other. Consciousness is not an independent entity.

This following text is from a dharma talk delivered by Thich Nhat Hanh -

"We have the habit of seeing things not inside of each other, but in Buddhist meditation we are advised to learn how to look at things, so that we can see things within each other. Usually we think that the lotus pond is outside of the lotus seed, and the lotus seed is outside of the lotus pond. But in fact, if we practice looking deeply, you realize that the lotus seed is in the lotus pond, but at the same time the lotus pond is in the lotus seed. When you look at your daddy, you may think that your daddy is outside you and you are outside your daddy. But if you look more closely, you will see that your daddy is not really outside. He is inside you, and you are inside your daddy.

When we were small, in the womb of our mother, there was a link between us and our mother called the umbilical cord. We were attached to our mother. We were a kind of one with our mother. Our mother breathed for us, ate for us, worried for us, drank for us, and smoked for us. [Laughter] So everything our mother did, we did because we were really one with our mother. When we were born, when we got out, they cut the umbilical cord and slowly we had the idea that our mother was different from us. But in fact, we continued to have that very close link with our mother. If our mother was not here, how could I be? So the umbilical cord, although you don't see it, still is there and we have to learn to look at the umbilical cord that is always there within us and our mother, and our grandmother, our grandfather, our ancestors.

You can touch it now. Since you are there, they are there, and they are not somewhere else. They are within you and you can touch them, because this hand is your hand, but of course it is also the hand of your mother. Remember when you had a fever as a child, you did not want to eat anything, drink anything, you suffered. And suddenly your mother came and put a hand on your forehead. You felt so good, and sometimes you wish that you still had that hand, that wonderful hand with you available at any time you suffer. But in fact, that hand is still available, because this is her hand. If you just breathe in and out and realize that this is also her hand, because your hand is a continuation of your mother's hand. You breathe in and you put it on your forehead, and then you have it again available. So the umbilical cord is always there, as ever.

And if you look more closely you will see that between you and a cloud floating in the sky there is also an umbilical cord, because without the cloud floating in the sky you would have no water in your body. And if you look at the sun, there is an umbilical cord linking you with the sun, because without the sun there would be light, no heat, no warmth, and no food, no washed vegetables. You can see that the sun is a kind of father, a kind of mother.

Driving through the countryside of France in the summer, I look at the cows, I look at the hay, I look at the nice fields. I feel closely connected. I see the hay as the milk, the yogurt, also the cornfield. I see the link between everything. The cow is a mother to me. You drink the milk from the cow, you have an umbilical cord between you and the cow, and the sunflower and the hay. To meditate means to train yourself to look in such a way, to see the nature of interconnectedness of everything. One day you will see that the idea of outside and inside are just ideas. Everything is inside. The one is the many. The British nuclear physicist David Bohm said that it seems that there are two kinds of order, the explicate order and the implicate order. These are two words invented by him. In the explicate order, everything seems to exist outside of everything else, like a flower is outside of the table, the flower is outside of the earth, is outside of the wind, of the cloud. Flower is not cloud, flower is not earth, flower is only flower. That is the way we used to look at things, and that world is called the explicate order. But if you look more deeply, you enter into the implicate order, where everything is in everything else.

In the teaching of the Buddha there are also two terms that are equivalent: lokadhatu and dharmadhatu. Lokadhatu is the world and dharmadhatu is also the world, but in lokadhatu it seems that everything is outside of everything else. You are not I, I am not you. You are not your father; your father is not you. But if you live deeply and you touch deeply, you will touch the dharmadhatu where everything is in everything else."

(Based on the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh.)

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